Huckleberry Finn’s Moral Compass

Nathan Walker Mr. Dickenson Period 3 1/7/12 Critic Keith Neilson writes, â€Å"And so Huckleberry Finn ends, one of the saddest happy endings in literature. Jim is free, after an awful initiation that nearly gets him lynched. Tom is almost killed, yet learns nothing from the experience. But Huck’s loss seems the greatest of all. After finally letting his heart overcome all of the prejudices and moral inhibitions that society has put into his head, having determined to defy society to ‘go whole hog’ to rescue his friend Jim, he meets Tom Sawyer and immediately crawls back under Tom’s Romantic Wing.Huck’s character and moral nature seem violated†¦One of the greatest characters in literature has been forced to go backwards and we feel cheated. † For years, critics have argued over the ending of Huckleberry Finn. Critics tear apart the  racial content, issues about gender and sexuality, and most interestingly the ongoing controversy over th e final chapters. The debate remains  regarding  whether or not Twain wrote the ending with a purpose, or if he just took an easy way out. For example, the ending comes abruptly.In addition, readers are upset about  how Huck disappears and Tom reemerges. On the other hand, others feel that the ending is a masterpiece. Personally, I can see both sides of the debate. On one hand, it seems that Twain created a masterpiece just to throw it away at the end. We see that Huck, who we were rooting for all along, has not changed and will continue to carry out Tom’s whims and fantasies. All the progress he has made with Jim has been destroyed. This is one of the many  aspects that make the novel picaresque. On the other hand however, I can see why Twain did what he did.In order to be honest with Huck’s character, Twain could not have allowed Huck to become the hero. Furthermore, in the time period of the Southern 1800? s, if Huck had changed his ways, society would have been shocked. If society hated the book, Twain’s message would not have been so wide spread as it was, as the book would have probably banned. Another possible idea is that Twain wanted to make his reader’s wonder, and leave them to make their own decisions. One thing is sure however, either way you translate the ending; Twain sure knows how to stir controversy.

Unethical Behavior in Forensic Science

The acquittal of Peter Nickel in February of 2004 from assertions that he was responsible for the death of his long-time employee Gary Rowley in a major car accident was a   when Nickel’s Defense lawyer, Gary M. Wilson, accuses the Detroit police of tempering evidence.Crowley was said to be on the driver’s seat while Nickel was at the truck’s cargo bed. A faulty roadway and a blown-up tire was said to be the major cause for the accident as Cowley was thrown off the truck and was pinned under the truck’s cargo bed when it veered off the road, rolled over and hit a telephone pole.Both victims were said to have been intoxicated prior to the accident but accusations on Nickel’s intentional involvement in the incident was put into question when Wilson argued that the police had switched the original blown-up tire to conceal evidence and obtain conviction.Mr. Wilson’s allegations were later found to be true when a sheriff deputy admitted to have made the switch. Automotive forensic scientist, Sal Fariello, gave his expert opinion on the case, testifying that most DUI crashes cannot be convicted by mere alcohol intoxication alone since most accidents would have happened anyway even if the persons involved were sober.There seems to be rampant cases involving incompetent law enforcers and investigators who tamper with evidences in order to easily solve the case and move on to another. The case exemplified here is a classic scenario of intentional tampering of evidence and authorities should consider how to contain and prevent such mistakes from recurring in crime scenes.Reference:Responsibility in DUI Laws, Inc. (2004, February 13). Police Evidence Tampering in High Profile DUI Vehicle Homicide Case. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from http://www.ridl.us/articles/policeTampering.html.

Historical context: book of lamentations Essay

Mourn, grieve, dirge, and wail are some words related to lamentation. There are deep emotions involved in lamentation. The author of the Book of Lamentations had experienced real, actual events that caused bereft of hope to his soul. Believed to author the Book of Lamentations, prophet Jeremiah had not only vividly narrated what happened to Jerusalem but also detailed the very reasons Jerusalem had to suffer its fate. (Easton’s Bible Dictionary) The Book of Lamentations has five poems. The first poem compared Jerusalem before and after the destruction. The once great nation was ruined and desolated. Weeping and wailing was heard. Hopelessness was evident. Jeremiah declared that such destruction happened because the people of Israel had sinned and rebelled against the Almighty God. The Lord, being a just God, had caused the fall of Jerusalem. (Easton’s Bible Dictionary) The second poem showed God’s wrath over the rebellious people of Israel. The Israelites had experienced the power of God’s anger. He became an enemy and in His anger, God had allowed the people of Israel suffer too much. This poem also tells us the worst condition of those who left in Jerusalem. (Easton’s Bible Dictionary) Having hope and asking the Lord’s forgiveness are depicted in the third poem. Jeremiah was pleading to the Lord to extend His help once again to His people. On the fourth poem, Jeremiah had stressed that everything that happened and everything the people had experienced were because of their uncountable and grievous sins. In the last poem, Jeremiah prayed to God. He begged to God to look at His people again. He begged to God to restore His loving relationship with His children. (Easton’s Bible Dictionary) 2 Chronicles 36. 15-19 tells us the fall of Jerusalem. Israel and Judah both sinned greatly to the Lord, so in 587 BC, God had allowed Nebuchadnezzar to take over Jerusalem (Lamentations, J. W. Rogerson and J. D. W. Dunn). The temple and the wall of Jerusalem were set on fire. All articles and treasures from the temple and from the king and his officials were carried to Babylon. Many were put to death by the sword. Those who were not killed were exiled to Babylon and became slaves. (The Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV) The emotions of the author of the Book of Lamentations were so intense. If we were living in those time and we saw the killings by sword, the great fire, the wailing and weeping, we could explain the anguish in Jeremiah’s heart as he wrote the poems. Jeremiah had seen Jerusalem before its fall. The city was busy. Yet after its fall, Jeremiah described it as a place of desolation. The priests who were highly respected also experienced hardships (Lamentations 1. 4 and 2. 20b). Since the city was destroyed, there was no food (Lamentations 2. 12 and 2. 19) and proper shelter (Lamentations 2. 10). Such situations led some women to cook their children just to survive (Lamentations 4. 10). The Israelites were God’s chosen people. God had brought them out of Egypt to the promise land. God made them powerful. In fact, God was the one fighting for them in order to conquer the promise land. But in spite of the many signs of wonders God had showed to them, the Israelites kept sinning against the Lord. The Holy Bible gives us the account of the many events in the lives of the Israelites. The fear of the Lord had spread through many nations. The sins of the Israelites were too great that God’s presence could not withstand. Because of His love to His people he sent messages calling them to repent, return, and obey God (2 Chronicles 36. 15). But they did not listen. They became overconfident that the Lord won’t leave them. The Book of Lamentations is not just an account of the fall of Jerusalem. It’s more on what had caused the fall. God was in control. He allowed the miseries in order to correct His children.

Lateral Structures in Business Organizations and Which Traits They Research Paper

Lateral Structures in Business Organizations and Which Traits They Encourage - Research Paper Example The main purpose of the research is to present that organizations have increasingly begun to prefer the utilization of lateral relationships as legitimate avenues of information as a new generation of organizational forms has emerged. In this piece, what will be explained are a number of different lateral structural arrangements which are in use in organizations today, including but not limited to the following: role differentiation and role ‘incongruency’; the concept of coherence; and functionality. Role differentiation is important in lateral business structures. According to Tjosvold, â€Å"It is a myth that all team members must be cross-trained†. In contrast, rather, it tends to be the case that—in lateral organizational business structures—the employees find that their own roles are created specifically so that they can work independently. However, this is not at the risk of teams working hierarchically, but side-by-side. The way that role dif ferentiation differs in lateral business organizations versus hierarchical business organizations is that, in lateral ones, roles are distinctly defined. In hierarchical organizations, roles can be blurred, employees multi-task, and departments are formed which work on top of each other—the most powerful being at the top, with the least economically powerful at the bottom although their production is high. Obviously, one of the important issues that lateral business structures bring to the forefront is that there is incongruency in these structures. According to Robinson-Crowley, â€Å"A current trend in management research and practice is to design organizations to be congruent with the demands of the†¦information-processing capacity: investing in information systems and creating boundary-spanning roles† (pp. 84). Of course, this tome about boundary-spanning roles was written 14 years ago. Now, into the second decade of the 21st century in the United States, we a re definitely at the point where different styles of management have come into the fray. Good management will ultimately be able to deal with these hierarchical changes that are different from what we were used to almost a decade-and-a-half ago. According to Poole, â€Å"Top managers are highly visible and provide a vision for the future that employees can share†. Role differentiation and role incongruency are two issues, obviously, that comes from having a laterally-structured business organization. Role differentiation in laterally-organized businesses makes it easier for people to connect and not to feel as much like outsiders. Despite what many might think, role differentiation is well-known across hundreds of nations all over the world. Role differentiation has been around for several centuries and has a very important meaning in the lives of many. It would be safe to assume that role differentiation is going to be around for a long time and have an enormous impact on th e lives of many people. Role differentiation has a large role in American culture. Many people can often be seen taking part in activities associated with role differentiation. This is partly because people of most ages can be involved and families are brought together by this. Generally, a person who displays their dislike for role differentiation may be considered an outcast. This is why role differentiation is somewhat controversial to be considered as part of the lateral structure within a business organization. It is not common practice to associate economical factors with role differentiation. Generally, role differentiation would be thought to have no effect on our economic situation, but there are in fact some effects. Primarily, however, it would be safe to say that role differentiation plays an important role in the American economy and shouldn't be taken for granted. After having completed much research, it has been possible to conclude that

Pleaes .Require ....Paraphrase..rewrttin...Reflection 300 word Essay

Pleaes .Require ....Paraphrase..rewrttin...Reflection 300 word - Essay Example This helped me finish my work with complete patience. I was able to deliver my best, and score the most accordingly. There were quite a lot of assignments in which I had to reflect upon my experiences. In the start, reflective tasks seemed very difficult to accomplish. As I started to be less critical about the formal tone of writing, my reflection writing skill flourished. I would let go of grammatical errors and would instead, concentrate more upon the concept, theme and evaluation of experience. This earned me good grades. In this course, I learned how to improve teamwork in medical imaging by reflecting upon past experiences, identifying the faults, and realizing suitable alternatives for future. One of the lessons that I learned was that conflicts are inevitable in group work, though one can put effort to make them functional rather than dysfunctional. Concluding, I appreciate having learnt a lot in the last semester. The lectures were highly informative and were given by some o f the most successful and well reputed scientists. I had seen some of them on television before attending their lectures on campus. As lecturers kept changing from one lecture to another, students would not be bored. I am optimistic that the referencing styles, reflection writing, working in group and presentation making which I have learnt in the last semester would be very useful to me in my future practice. ..

Follow the instruction in the details, i will attach the article that Assignment

Follow the instruction in the details, i will attach the article that you are discussing - Assignment Example The reference chosen was: Doriott, C. (2000). Genetic Codes Unraveled: New Clues to Human History. Ancestry, 18(1), 15 – 21(Stix, 2008). The information presented in the article is very contradicting. The reason for this is because; the various biological concepts written on human ancestry discuss the process of evolution from a common ancestor. They do not mention any the point on â€Å"Mitochondrial Eve,† (Stix, 2008). This article increased knowledge about DNA in the mentioning of genetic prospecting which involves researching deeper into the human DNA to find more about their origin. The processes involved including gene slicing. It also aided in understanding of single neucliotide polymorphsisms. The article stated that they help in evaluating the identities of individual populations (Stix, 2008). The most interesting thing in the article was on the dueling theories that states humans migrated from Africa 50 to 60,000 years ago. This beats the understanding of civilization, the age of the universe and theories that try to explain the origin of man, such as that of evolution by Charles Darwin (Stix,

Motivating and Supporting Collaboration in Open Innovation Term Paper

Motivating and Supporting Collaboration in Open Innovation - Term Paper Example Retrospectively speaking, the authors say that the new product development has always been a closed loop work. It was initiated and completed by a few chosen people inside the company; but now, the loop has been broken due to this stiff competition in the market. The companies now involve the end users into the new product development. Nonetheless, single customer’s unique needs are not of much use to the company due to economic viability. The company needs to understand large customer product combinations. Hence, the company needs to motivate a collective creativity towards novelty. Past studies have shown that collaboration paves way for better creativity and efficiency in an organization. All the great ideas of the past have been found by individuals who shared their work with others for elaboration.     The consumers’ opinion towards the new product is considered vital in this era; hence, the development of the open-intelligence portals. These portals act as int ermediaries between the different market players – paving way for collective response to innovation. It is now believed that the investment in the OI systems is wastage without the understanding of the motivational factors. The company needs to understand these motivational factors in order to attract the users to the OI portals for their input.Based on their research work, the authors state that one of the most important motivating factors for active participation at online communities is the level of effect that participation has on the surrounding environment.

The Effects of Long Term Tumour Diagnosis and the Disease of Cancer Essay

The Effects of Long Term Tumour Diagnosis and the Disease of Cancer - Essay Example I've found that not only does this disease place a strain on the patient but on those managing the patients care as well, myself included. That is why it is imperative to have managing goals obvious in the treatment regimen so that there is always an avid awareness of what the next step of treatment is going to be. This is a positive reinforcement not only for the patient, but for my role as the assisting nurse as well, along with the other medical professionals caring for him or her. Through my years of experience I've learned that breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women who develop a form of this disease. The treatments are varied depending upon the individuals own diagnosis and symptoms. Furthermore, medical professionals, especially nurses like me can have a difficult time managing the care regimen of women with breast cancer simply due to the fact that many women's perceptions of their risks and management of the disease are highly varied (McDonald 2002, p.183). Also, being faced with a diagnosis such as breast cancer is scary and an individual develops high anxiety and many fears. This is where the medical staff such as nurses and other medical professionals should provide counselling and understanding to ensure that the management of the disease does not interfere with the patients' mental health, which can be very difficult to do (Aldridge-Clanton 1998, p. 109). I've ran into this problem innumerable amounts of time, especially in re gards to how they feel about their bodies and what they are afraid their life will be like following the treatment process. Many patients state that just deciding on what treatment to choose can promote fear and worry in their minds. Also physicians can complicate the problem if they don't manage the care effectively. Therefore there can not be instances such as conflicting opinions among physicians because it only complicates the treatment for the patient (Aldridge-Clanton 1998, p.110). Furthermore, another issue that can concrete upon the problems is the idea women have about breast cancer and being diagnosed with it. Much of this is due to the fact of the idea that women have of breast cancer, of it basically being a hereditary form of cancer and those who do not have a family history of it don't tend to feel screening and other routine testing is much of a necessity. Therefore, I've found that I need to provide affirmation to many of the patients that anyone is susceptible to developing breast cancer, even those without a hereditary history. Sometimes this can be hard to do in gaining my patients understanding. Therefore, many patients false assumptions can lead to a variety of problems as medical history can attest too. Although 20% of women can have a family history of breast cancer only 5% to 10% are actually caused by the hereditary gene. Therefore it is imperative for nurses (such as myself) and medical care providers to stress the importance of mandatory sc reening and check-up's for breast cancer among all age groups and ethnicities

Object-orientation , The Unified Modelling Language (UML) Essay

Object-orientation , The Unified Modelling Language (UML) - Essay Example As a result, to extend novel modules that have different implementations can be established even without making changes to the existing modules. Modules should not be too thick so that reusing it becomes a bigger problem. In addition, they should not be extremely light as to offer very little value. Thus, it is vital for any design to put into consideration the weight of the module in concern. To attain a good module, it is necessary to reduce the number of dependencies as we aim and achieving the most out its capacity to be reused. In modularity, when one module fails the others do not fail. Through this, it is easier to control composite systems that are codependent. The principles employed include modular composability, decomposability, understandability, continuity, and protection. The latter case concerns that something out of the ordinary happening is to the concerned module. It does not affect other modules. Decomposing on the other hand concerns with breaking a software maniac into sub-smaller problems that can be linked through an independed framework allowing each to be worked on separately. To be understandable means a human being can read and comprehend the functionality of that module without relating to the other modules. Continuity conforms to the idea of a problem remaining or affecting the module that is. When it comes to what the software is off, different modules developed in various environments are integrated into novel systems. In PHP, a framework provides the starting point to build modular systems. Most of the structures already existing have the capability of breaking up the application and organizing the files. Some like Symfony2 are based on models that rely on injection. It is excellent for modularity (Powers, 2008). To perform best at adding, and removing components, a better framework would

Medicinal Marijuana use in the United States Essay Example for Free

Medicinal Marijuana use in the United States Essay Although many individuals find medical marijuana illegal, and unnecessary, it is a natural herb used to help symptoms caused by chronic illnesses. Over three million Americans use medical marijuana. Medical marijuana is the most widely used drug used to treat chronic illnesses in seventeen states. The use of medical marijuana has been a controversial issue here in the United States. Although, there are healthcare professionals that do believe that the use of medical marijuana can be very beneficial for patients. Just as there are benefits associated with the use of medical marijuana there are also negative effects. Many American are still unfamiliar with Medical Marijuana, so what is medical marijuana? Medical marijuana also known as â€Å"cannabis sativa†(Harold E Dowieko 2009) is a naturally growing plant that produces tetra-hydrocannabinol and cannabidiol.(Harold E Dowieko 2009) These chemicals are both thought to have possible effects on lessening the bad side effects from chronic diseases. Medical marijuana has been used for health reasons for centuries. Marijuana was a legal herb in the United States until 1937 when the United States passed a law making it illegal to sell. (Kring, Davinson, Naele Johnson 2007) Marijuana was then made legal for medicinal use in 1995. The state of California was the first state in the United States to make marijuana legal for medical purposes. Medicinal marijuana is now legal in seventeen states. These states include; â€Å"Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Washington D.C., Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington state.† (â€Å"Thc.me History†, n.d.) In all of these state a patient can obtain a medical marijuana license, also referred to as a â€Å"green card,† from a licensed physician. Patients must have documentation stating what chronic illnesses they have that may require the need for medicinal marijuana. The physician will then decide if the use of marijuana will be beneficial. Medical marijuana has been proven to benefit patients who have multiple illnesses. The most common uses for medical marijuana are; pain relief, loss of appetite, depression, and diseases such as AIDS and cancer. TCH has been proven to block pain receptors in the brain. The blockage of these pain receptors allows patients dealing with chronic pain to have some relief. Medicinal marijuana also stimulates appetite, and relieves symptoms associated with depression, AIDS and cancer. This enables patients to not have to rely on the use of prescription pain pills such opiods. Meidcal marijuana is also less addictive, and has less physical side effects than other prescription pain relievers. Just as there are positive benefits associated with medical marijuana there are some health risks. First, marijuana is not regulated by the FDA. The FDA is the food and drug administration. They regulate medication and ensure the safety and risk associated with drugs. Without the FDA regulating medical marijuana there is no way for patients to know if they are getting correct information pertaining to the exact marijuana they are smoking, and if there may be additives or chemicals on the marijuana. This can be risky for patients, because marijuana comes in much different strength. The FDA has also found that dosing of medical marijuana is hard due to the effects taking around thirty minutes for patients to feel. The main health risk that medical marijuana has is psychological effects. According to Kring, Davinson, Naele, and Johnson â€Å" rapid shifts of emotion, to dull attention, to fragment thoughts, impair of memory, and sense that time is moving more slowly.† (Chapter 10) Kring, Davinson, Naele, and Johnson also stated â€Å"extremely heavy dosing has been found to induce hallucinations and other effects similar to those of LSD.† (Chapter 10)Another risk associated with medicinal cannabis is the harmful effect done to lungs. There have been many studies done that look at the respiratory risk associated with regular marijuana use. In one study done with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey it concluded that the risk of respiratory illness does rise. Marijuana damages lungs just as smoke cigarettes. The last major health risk associated with medical marijuana is a lowered immune system. This can be very dangerous for patients that are dealing with cancer and AIDS. Since these patients already have very low immune systems because of their disease. Doctors prescribing medicinal marijuana must ensure that the benefits of marijuana use out ways the risks. Although a controversial issue in the United States medical marijuana does have many potential health benefits for patients with chronic illnesses. Statistics now show that eight out of ten Americans support the use of medicinal marijuana. This is because previously I have stated through studies done; the benefits of medical marijuana outweigh the risks associated with medical marijuana use. With already seventeen states in the United States allowing the legalization of medical marijuana. It is fair to say medical marijuana can be very helpful for patients who need it. Currently there are more states in the process of trying to legalize medical marijuana. Some say eventually marijuana as a whole will be a legal substance in the United States. In years to come as Americans we will see how medical marijuana plays a role in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. References Moore, B., Auguston, E., Moser, r. (2012, October). Respiratory Effects of Marijuana and Tobacco Use in a U.S. Sample Bostwick, M. (2012, February Day). Blurred Boundaries: The Therapeutics and Politics of Medical Marijuana. , p. . dowieko, h. E. (2009). Concepts of medical dependency (7th ed.). : cengage learning. Kring, A. M., Davinson, G. G., Naele, J. M., Johnson. S. L. (2007). Abnormal Psychology [University of Phoenix Custom Edition eBook]. : John Wiley and Sons INC.. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, website. THC.me History. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.thc.me

Development of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensor

Development of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensor INTRODUCTION CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION The physical processes involved in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomena were first reported by R.M. Wood in 1902 [1]. In this work, Wood observed a repeated pattern of dark and bright light bands in the reflected light, when he irradiated polarized light on a mirror with a diffraction grating on its surface. The physical interpretation of SPR mechanism was first initiated by the British physicist Lord Rayleigh [2], and further refined by Fano [3], but its satisfactory explanation was not available until 1968, when Otto [4] and in the same year Kretschmann and Raether [5] reported the excitation of surface plasmons on the metal/dielectric interface. Its first use in a real-time analysis of a biological system was demonstrated in 1990s by Karlsson et al. [6]. Since then, The SPR has become a crucial optical sensing technique in the areas of biology, microbiology, biochemistry, and medical sciences because of its noninvasive nature [7]. The commercially available SPR based devices are not so cost-effective and require consumable sensor chips demanding certain specifications of size, thickness, effective sensing area and so on. For example, The Biacore (acquired by General Electric Healthcare in 2006), a life science products company, are providing a variety of models of SPR-based instruments (a typical cost of $120,000–$250,000) that exhibit compatibility only with expensive Biacore accessories. Moreover, the associated high operational cost inhibits introduction of SPR technique into laboratory classes at the undergraduate or postgraduate level. In addition to that, the commercial SPR instrument is not a good teaching tool because all the components, of the apparatus, are enclosed, thus preventing the students from visualizing the details of the SPR instrumentation. The primary motivation behind the present project work is to develop a low-cost SPR based multipurpose optical sensor especially intended for undergraduate and postgraduate education and Research. The proposed homemade SPR sensor is supposed to be cost-effective, and whose all components would be accessible for visualization and manipulations in future. The presented design not only allows its integration with various other mechanical and electronic add-ons, but also could prove to be an ingenious teaching tool for the students to understand and appreciate the modern instrumentation. In addition, once developed, this instrument could also serve the Research purposes of general chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, Nanotechnology and Material Sciences. For this purpose it was necessary to arrange low cost experimental components but keeping in mind that these components work well to satisfy our purpose. It took a long time first to decide the components, and then taking overviews from various places regarding the type of component available and the price of that particular component. After comparing and analyzing the need and price of whole set-up the components were arranged from different market places. After arranging the components it was necessary to prepare the experimental set-up in a well mannered way to fulfill our purposes. Again it took a long time to arrange them in a dark room (as we were working on light and its intensity measurement) as to get a well observable result. The most difficult and time consuming task was to produce a thin metallic film on the glass slide of a specific thickness to get a better result. Metallic film was of gold and the coating unit was a magnetron sputtering gold coater available in the department of the institute. Initially it was a difficult task to coat the glass slide of specific thickness, for which we coated various glass slides with different thicknesses using variable coating time of the coater. Then we did the experiments with that thickness but didn’t get the results. Then glass slides were again coated to increase the gold film thickness. This process was repeated various times and at last we were succeeded to produce the res ults from the glass slides of different thicknesses. In this dissertation work, we first introduce the principle of Surface Plasmon Resonance and other associated phenomena. Following the introduction part, we describe some literature reviews in next section of report. We further describe the details of the crucial components that would be used in the development of SPR based Sensor or can be termed as the Experimental Set-up for the Surface Plasmon Resonance phenomenon. The very next section contains the soul of the whole report or the Results, mentioned as results and discussion. We finally conclude the report by enumerating the work done so far, the future course of work followed by the References that have been used for the literature survey. SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE- Principle: SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE(SPR): The resonant oscillation of conduction electrons, at the interface between a metal and dielectric, stimulated at the optical frequencies is called the SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE (SPR). This  resonance  condition is satisfied once the incident  photon frequency matches with the natural frequency of surface electrons, which are oscillating under the action of restoring force of positive nuclei of the metallic atoms. The resonance phenomena has been shown to have many applications such as in Gas detection and immune-sensing [8,9], efficiency enhancement of Solar Cells [10], and Magneto-Optical based imaging etc. [11,12]. Figure 1 shows a typical surface Plasmon resonance set-up which consists of a light source, prism, gold film, and a detector. Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a surface Plasmon resonance set-up. Here n1 and n2 show the refractive indexes of prism and air respectively. SURFACE PLASMON POLARITONS (SPP) wave -The surface  electromagnetic waves, propagating along the  metal/dielectric  or metal/vacuum interface, is known as SURFACE PLASMON POLARITONS (SPP) wave. As the SPP wave is propagating along the boundary of the metal and the external medium (air or dielectric), the aforesaid resonant oscillations become extremely sensitive to any change occurring at the boundary, for instance the adsorption of molecules to the metal surface or change in refractive index at the metal-dielectric surface. Thus the sensitivity associated with metal – dielectric interface can be exploited to obtain a non-destructive and cost effective multipurpose sensor for detection of Chemical and Biological species. According to different literature [9,12], the sensing properties has been quite useful for monitoring food quality, safety analysis, medical diagnostics and environmental changes etc. A typical SPR sensor consists of a dispersive element, such as prism or a plane reflection grating, coated with a metallic layer (Gold) and a dielectric layer (usually polymers or bio molecule layers). The Kretschmann configuration, as shown in Figure 2, is often used in most of the SPR sensor applications, where a metal (typically silver or gold) film is placed at the interface of two dielectric media. The medium 1 with higher refractive index (n1) is a prism and the medium 2 with lower refractive index (n2) can be the air or the dielectric of interest. A collimated p-polarized light beam, entering from the glass side undergoes a total internal reflection and interacts with the metallic layer at the critical angel of incidence (as shown in Figure 2). The surface plasmons (SP), at the metallic surface, are excited at the resonance optical frequency resulting in absorption of a part of incident light energy and hence leading to a sudden drop in Reflectance at a specific angle à ¯Ã‚   ±0 adjacent to the critical angle à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±C. The resonance condition of the SPs is sensitive to any change in the refractive index of the metal-dielectric interface and leads to shift of à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±0 to a new angle à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ±1 (Figure 2). The change in the intensity of reflected or diffracted light or its wavelength or angular spectrum can be monitored using a charge coupled device arrays or photodiode arrays, for different sensing purposes [13-16]. Figure 2: Diagram representing the Surface Plasmon Resonance mechanism. TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION AND EVANESCENT WAVES: When the light travels from the higher refractive index medium 1 (glass) to the lower refractive index medium 2 (air or dielectric), the total internal reflection (TIR) takes place within medium 1 for the incident angles ÃŽ ¸ greater than the critical angle ÃŽ ¸C, satisfying the Snell’s relation Sin (ÃŽ ¸C) = n2/n1. The Evanescent waves, a near-field wave, are produced in the lower refractive index medium 2 (air or dielectric) under the TIR condition. As the meaning of Evanescent is tending to vanish, the amplitude of evanescent waves decays exponentially with the distance from the point of incidence, to the interface of the media 1 and 2. When a nonmagnetic gold film with a suitable thickness is sandwiched between the media 1 and 2, the amplitude of evanescent wave is enhanced, penetrating in the gold film and also existing simultaneously in the medium 2. Using the well known Fresnel’s relations, magnitude of the parallel wave vector of the evanescent wave, , is expres sed as; (1) where ÃŽ » is the wavelength of the incident light, n1 is the refractive index of the higher refractive index medium 1, and ÃŽ ¸ is the angle of incidence. Figure 3: Schematic diagram showing a layer system of surface Plasmon resonance where kevan and ksp are wave vectors given in equations. SURFACE PLASMONS: Surface plasmons (quanta of plasma), are the surface electromagnetic wave travelling along the limited region of metal–dielectric interface. The magnitude of the wave vector of the surface plasmon is connected to the dielectric constants of medium 2 (n2) and the gold film (ng). For most of the non absorbing materials, the magnetic permeability is very close to unity at optical frequencies. Hence, the dielectric constant for such materials becomes equal to the square of the refractive index i.e. ÃŽ µ = n2. Here ÃŽ µ is the dielectric constant and n is the refractive index. As a result, can be obtained from n2 and ng using the following relation; (2) where n2 is the refractive index of medium 2 adjacent to the interface and ng is the refractive index of the gold film. SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE: In presence of the evanescent wave, the surface plasmon can be excited leading to the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In this situation, the intensity of the reflected light, from the metal-dielectric interface, decreases abruptly (as shown in Figure 1). In this process the energy of evanescent wave is conserved and the energy of the excited surface plasmon is coupled to phonons or photons generation at the interface. Hence, the energy conservation requires that equals to . Thus, using eqs 1 and 2 the angle , at which SPR occurs, can be determined by below relation, (3) Here, the incident angle at which the minimum reflectivity is observed is called the SPR angle. The angle has been found to be slightly larger than the critical angle . It is clear from above expression that the angle is linked to n2 if n1 and ng are kept fixed. Hence, even a slight change in the refractive index of interfacial region is reflected in a significant change in the angle . For instance, the phenomena of adsorption and desorption of any gas, on the gold surface, changes the refractive index of media 2 near the metal–dielectric interface leading to change in the . Therefore, the monitoring the change in the angle can be used, as a technique, to study and analyze the adsorption– desorption or association–dissociation phenomena taking place on the gold surface. The refractive index, in the interfacial regime, changes with the mass and density of foreign species attached to the gold film surface. As a consequence, monitoring the change in the SPR angl e provides information about mass and density change on the gold surface, effectively within 200 nm from a metal surface. As mentioned above the surface Plasmon resonance will occur when, Also from the above discussion we know that the is a function of three parameters. The wavelength of incident light. The refractive index of medium 1 or glass prism. Angle of incidence of the incident light falling on the metal-dielectric junction. And also is a function of three parameters, The wavelength of incident light. The refractive index of metallic thin film. The refractive index of the second medium or the air. So we get five different parameters which can be used as varying parameters to get the optimum condition of Surface Plasmon Resonance which are, The wavelength of incident light, The refractive index of medium 1, The refractive index of medium 2, The refractive index of metallic film, and The angle of incidence of incident light. In wavelength interrogation Surface Plasmon Resonance device, wavelength of incident light is varied whereas the other parameters including incident angle, refractive indexes of medium 1, medium 2 and medium 3 are kept constant during the whole experiment. In this case there is a variation in the intensity of reflected light with variation in wavelength of incident light as shown in figure 4. Figure 4: Shows relationship between absorbance of reflected light and the wavelength of incident light. In angle interrogation Surface Plasmon Resonance device, incident angle of light is varied whereas the other parameters including wavelength of incident light, refractive indexes of medium 1, medium 2 and medium 3 are kept constant during the whole experiment. In this case there is a variation in the intensity of reflected light with variation in angle of incident light as shown in figure 5. Figure 5: Diagram indicating the relationship between intensity of reflected light and incident angle. The other type of interrogation device is refractive index interrogation Surface Plasmon Resonance device in which refractive index of any medium is varied which is a tough task and that is why used in very rare cases. Other parameters are kept constant in this type of interrogation system including wavelength of incident light as well as the incident angle of the light. In this case there is a variation in the intensity of reflected light with variation in refractive index of the medium taken in consideration as shown in figure 6. The one other and most complicated interrogation system is phase interrogation Surface Plasmon resonance device in which phase of the reflected light provides the information about the metal dielectric interface. Very less work has been done in this field and is a good topic to work on in future as angle dependent reflectance measurement and other methods discussed above are limited for detecting low weight molecules on the metal dielectric surface. Figure 6: shows relationship between intensity of reflected light and refractive index of the medium with three different gold film thicknesses. Now refractive indexes of medium 1(glass), medium 2(air) and the gold metallic thin film cannot be varied simply during a running experiment. So we have only two parameters which can be used as variable parameters, the wavelength of the incident light and the angle of incidence of that light falling on the set-up. In our work, we have used the later one for our purpose which is angle of incidence of the incident light on the metal dielectric interface, and making the wavelength of the incident light constant near about 650 nm which means we have used a red laser as a source of the light for our experimental set-up. Angle of incidence can be varied either be rotating the light source around the prism or by rotating the prism on its axis and making light source stationary. We are rotating the prism which is mounted on a rotational prism table to vary angle of incidence.

Types of motivation

Types of motivation Five Types of Motivation: Have you ever wondered what drives you, to want to become a better person? That feeling you get when you want to accomplish something that seems out of reach, that feeling that makes you do dumb things that you know you should not do, but do it anyway so a certain someone would like you better. That feeling that made you want to work harder in class to get that gold star up by your name, or that fear of being punished if you did not work harder. Well each one of those feelings is a different type of motivation. What is motivation? â€Å"Motivation is internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested in and committed to a job, role, or subject, and to exert persistent effort in attaining a goal. Motivation is the energizer of behavior and mother of all action. It results from the interactions among conscious and unconscious factors such as the (1) intensity of desire or need, (2) incentive or reward value of the goal, and (3) expect ations of the individual and of his or her significant others. (BusinessDictionary.com, 2009) There is many different types of motivation but the five main ones that I will cover in this paper are Achievement motivation, Socialization motivation, Incentive motivation, Fear motivation, and Change motivation. Achievement motivation is the motivation that a person gets when they want to attain a goal. It is that drive that makes you do what needs to be done to reach that goal no matter what the cost. This form of motivation can be related to a track and field athlete. That sprinter knows that his competitor is a few seconds faster than he is. So that athlete is going to feel that drive to practice harder and longer to become that few seconds faster to win. If there is a goal that needs to be reached Achievement motivation is most likely to be used. Most individuals with high Achievement motivation have distinctive characteristics witch separate them from their peers. First they like to put themselves in situations where they can take a personal responsibility for their finding solutions to problems. This gives them a personal satisfaction for their achievements. A second characteristic of Achievement motivation people is that they like to set moderately high goals. This will give that person more personal satisfaction for reaching them goals. Another distinctive characteristic of high achievers is that they love to get feedback on their performance. Socialization motivation is the motivation that drives people to act or do certain things to fit in. The dictionary definition of Social motivation is â€Å"An incentive or drive resulting from a sociocultural influence that initiates behavior toward a particular goal.† (Mosbys Medical Dictionary, 2009) This motivation is most evident when there is a lot of peer pressure. Some people use this motivation to gain feeling of acceptance or being equal to their peer group. Some examples of socialization motivation could be that young kid being passed that first drink, being told that he is not cool if he doesnt drink it. Incentive motivation is influenced by beliefs, that if they accomplish the task they will receive a reward. Incentive motivation is closely linked to achievement motivation. The only difference is that with incentive motivation, your drive is to attain that reward after you reached that goal. Whereas achievement, is more focused on just attaining the goal itself. Fear motivation is mostly used when incentives do not work. This motivation is the drive to do things because the fear of punishment or failure. Fear motivation is the fastest acting tactics to motivate someone to do something. An example of this motivation is the motivation you feel when you see that speed limit sign and want to go a little faster but are scared of that cop that could be up the road waiting for you. Or when someone shoots at you and you become motivated to run a lot faster. Another example of this is test anxiety or fear of failure. Having this fear will get you to study harder or concentrate little better to succeed. â€Å"Most of this research fails to distinguish among the components of test anxiety or to recognize it as only the negative side of motivation, that is, only half the story of the performance in evaluative situations. The positive side of motivation (e.g., need for achievement) is also aroused in evaluative situations and makes a contribution. (Har old F. Oneil, 1994) Fear motivation always points out consequences you will receive if you dont do or accomplish certain tasks. Change motivation is the push you feel when you want to bring change in your life or surroundings. Its that motivation you feel to get out in your front yard to cut that grass because you are sick of seeing it long every day. Its the motivation you get after you become tired of how things are and seek ways to improve it and make it better. These five theories of motivation are just a few types that drive you to be the person you have become today, and that will push you to become a better person and make you want to improve yourself every day. Now knowing each one of these five types of motivation, you know what gets you through each day. References BusinessDictionary.com. (2009). BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved 11 19, 2009, from BusinessDictionary.com: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/motivation.html Harold F. Oneil, M. D. (1994). Motivation : theory and research. Hilsdale, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Mosbys Medical Dictionary. (2009). The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 11 25, 2009, from The Free Dictionary: social motivation

Using the Internet in Vocational Education :: Technology Telecommunications Essays

Using the Internet in Vocational Education "It is an exciting time in education. The Internet offers new opportunities for students and teachers a link to learn in interesting ways" (Ellsworth 1994, p. xxiii). "Telecommunications truly is one of the most exciting educational tools I have encountered in my teaching career" (Watson 1994, p. 41). "The Internet's usefulness is limited only by our level of commitment. We first have to get plugged in before we can get turned on. Then we can help our profession by using our imagination to create a vocational educator's Dream Net in the years to come" (Seguin and Seguin 1995, p. 33). The Internet is a vast computer-based network of networks that includes listservs and newsgroups-discussion forums on specific topics-as well as electronic mail and electronic journals. It is used in education, business, and leisure, and students must be able to navigate it to become prepared citizens. This ERIC Digest does not pretend to be an exhaustive list of vocational education resources on the Internet-the list changes daily. It offers suggestions for using the Internet in the vocational classroom and lists newsgroups, World Wide Web (WWW) sites, listservs, and electronic journals of interest to vocational educators. It also serves as a supplement to an ERIC Key, Locating ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education Materials on the Internet. Much of the material for this Digest was received as a result of a message sent to the VOCNET listserv asking how vocational educators were using the Internet in their classrooms. Responses varied widely. Many of the respondents indicated that they were just getting started with the Internet and using it primarily for sending messages. Some students have joined listservs and newsgroups; others have surfed the 'Net for information and materials from all over the world. Examples of Current Use The director and associate professor of vocational-technical education at Dakota State University uses the Internet primarily for e-mail. He requires students to send queries to AskERIC; in his "Technology in Voc Ed" course, graduate students have to use the WWW and sign up for a listserv. He is considering offering a course for vocational education personnel entirely through the Internet (A. Seguin, Internet message, June 20, 1995). Cognitive Training Associates, Inc. develops and uses networks for large corporations. They use the Internet to distribute technology-based training applications-mostly core skill acquisition and reinforcement, knowledge transfer and sharing, and use of job-specific smart applications that perform lower-level tasks and provide on-demand expertise (M.

Euripides was accused by his contempories of being a woman hater. Why E

Euripides was accused by his contempories of being a woman hater. Why do you think this was so, and how justified do you think the accusation was? Question -------- Euripides was accused by his contempories of being a woman hater. Why do you think this was so, and how justified do you think the accusation was? In your answer you should consider not only how Euripides portrays his female characters, but also the sentiments expressed in the plays and the contempory view of women. Answer ------ Euripides definitely had an opinion on woman that was not shared by many other play writes. Whether it is hatred or not, women play a major role in a Euripian play. Their role in society of that time was a great contrast to that of the men. Compared to today, women were miles apart from men; they were not even considered citizens of their region. This is obvious in the chorus where in the Electra, Medea and Hippolytus there is a chorus of women. This was unheard of in the time when the plays were written. A chorus is typically made up of wise men of Athens, therefore making it up of women would in that age, be very controversial. In Medea the chorus side with her and Medea makes the chorus swear to silence. Therefore she can confide in them without having to put a face on. The image put across here is that the woman team up against the man. The chorus being women, side with the feminist Medea. "I heard her sobbing and wailing," the chorus talk about the true Medea that is hidden under her facade. The same is true in the Electra. The chorus is made up of country-women of Mycenae, who also side with Electra. When Electra moans about not having a gown or riches to go out and enjoy herself, the chorus offer a way out. "Borrow from me a lovely gown, closely woven, and a gold necklace." The women are on her side, they try to persuade her to be like all the other women and go out partying. Electra wants none of this and aims to gain more self-pity by forcing herself to stay at home, doing all the work. Euripides writes her to be an attention seeking noble woman, who has married the peasant to make a statement. Not the most likeable of characters. In the Hippolytus, there are two choruses. One made up of huntsmen who follow Hippolytus and the other of women from Trozen. They support what they represent. This shows a contrast ... ...My boy, the oath you gave me, you'll never break that?" The Nurse whines to Hippolytus hoping to get her own way. "Oh, I clasp your knees and beg you," The Nurse's stubbornness to try and please ends up leading to Phaedra dying without honour. Euripides begins his plays often with erratic women, ie Electra, Medea and Phaedra. They have serious issues and seek vengeance, with the exception of Phaedra who is the cause of a vengeful attack; Theseus killing his son, Hippolytus. There are never any heroic women or women that we feel sympathy for. The only woman who is in the slightest way victimised is Clytemnestra. Electra murders her in revenge for killing her father Agamemnon. This is made obvious in the play and Clytemnestra's bad relationship with her daughter Electra does not show her in a good light. We feel sympathy for the self-inflicted widow, when she describes what she has gone through. "Then her father cut her soft white throat-My Iphigenia." Out of all of Euripides' female characters, she contains the most sentiment and emotion. In summary, apart from Clytemnestra, the lady characters are mad psychopathic women, with hidden depths, morals and loyalties.

1980: Miami Floridabbegin to Rise as the Crime Capital of the Nation Essay

In the 1980s Miami Florida was just beginning to rise as the crime capital of the nation, but it had been the drug capital for a decade. An estimated 70% of Cocaine imported to the U.S passes through South Florida. When president of Cuba Fidel Castro agreed to allow citizens to leave in response to a tough Cuban economy, many of them departed to the United States and landed in South Florida, unfortunately many of those allowed to leave were convicted criminals. Adding these dubious characters into the mix only served to dilute the population of law-abiding citizens, therefore increasing the crime rate in the city of Miami. Cuba wasn’t the only country that was responsible for the increasing crime rate in Miami throughout the 1980s; Colombia was heavily involved in the Cocaine business. From the movie Cocaine Cowboys, John Roberts, Mickey Munday, Rafa Cardona Salazar, Max Mermestein were all drug smugglers. They were in charge of getting the illegal narcotics into Florida. Jon Roberts flooded Miami with over $2 billion worth of cocaine throughout the ’80s. He was also one of the drug traffickers who turned government informant. Roberts operated in the downtown Miami area and was an associate of Medellà ­n Cartel during the growth phase in cocaine trafficking. Soon after he hooked up with Medellin Cartel he began using his own method to ship cocaine into the United States. He began orchestrating plane shipments of hundreds of kilos of cocaine a week. He was associated with Mickey Munday who is the last Cocaine Cowboys left alive. He too was also involved in the cocaine business during that time. Based on the Movie Jon Roberts was kind of like the thinker and Mickey Munday was like the pilot. Jon would think about where to deliver the drug and how to deliver the drug while Mickey on the other hand was the one who flew the drugs into Miami. In September 1986, FBI and Customs offici als busted the the 38 years old trafficker jon Roberts. Columbia is South America’s fourth largest country. It is about 440,831 square miles long and the capital is Bogota with the population of 27 million people. Columbia greatest agriculture crops are coffee, and coca. â€Å"Columbia is one of the world largest producers of the drugs cocaine, and heroin producing 50,900 hectares of coca that they sold 75% to the United States.† (CIA database) Drug dealers and drugs control Columbia and are the new Mafia and gangsters, who smuggle drugs in the United States, and make millions and millions of dollars a year. Smuggling had its greatest growth in the United States during the Prohibition Era. It became a full-fledged business for organized crime like the Mafia who ran Chicago in the 1920’s. The drug dealers of Columbia are the modern day Mafia who used the power of drug money to control the government. The most famous drug dealers were Pablo Escobar, Jorge Luis Ochoa Valquez and Carlos Lehder Rivas, who controlled the drug trades in Columbia and were, at the time, the new Mafia. â€Å"By the year, 1984 the Medellin cartel had controlled 80 percent of the cocaine in the country.† (Alternatives.com) Pablo Escobar was born in a small village of Rionegro seventeen miles outside Medellin. In 1976, police arrested him for possession of thirty-nine pounds of cocaine, but the officers where soon killed and 9 judges refused to hear the case due to death threats. The record disappeared and he was never tried. Soon he was worth over 2 million dollars that he used to buy himself a huge estate near the Magdalena river that included his own private zoo. Pablo Escobar built low cost housing and a hospital to get the people of Medellin on his side. In 1982, he was elected to the congress, which gave him immunity from arrest. On Nov. 18, 1986 charges where brought against Escobar, on bringing 16 tons of cocaine into the United States. The government of Columbia said they would not deport him because they feared for their lives. On, December 2, 1993, a group of military police shot the drug lord on a rooftop in Medellin, Columbia. Jorge Luis Ochoa Vasguez was the son of Fabio Ocheoa Restrepo whose family was cattle breeders until they began trafficking drugs in the mid 1970. In 1981, guerrillas kidnapped Jorge Vasguez sister for ransom. Ocheoa joined with other drug lords including Escobar to form a vigilante group called Muerte a Secuestadores who kidnapped or killed members of the guerrillas until the girl were set free. This caused these three drug dealers to work together and Escobar and Vaguez made a new pact. Jorge Vasguez and the Ocheoa family provided hitmen, guards and death squads that included high ranked military officers. The Ocheoa family also would handle payoffs to police, judges and politicians. Jorge Luis Ochoa Vasquez was arrested by police on November 15,1984 and was going to be deported to the United States. When this news reached Bogota a car loaded with dynamite exploded in front of the US embassy in Bogota killing one and injuring four Colombians. On Aug. 13, 1986, Ochea Vasquez was released. He was arrested again on Nov. 21, 1987 but he was released again on December 30,1987. Carlos Lehder Rivas was born in Michigan and was a car dealer until he deiced to use his money to start a drug smuggling operation bringing drugs out of Columbia. He found a remote landing strip in the Bahamas where he bribed Bahamian officials where drugs would be unloaded and depatched into the United States in many different types of transportation. Soon Carlos was working with the Medellian cartel and would unload 300 kilograms a day making over 300 million a year. He was worth over 2.5 billion dollars and owned over 15 cars, three helicopters, and property all over Columbia. Finally the United States government caught up with him, but he got away because he killed 11 Supreme Court Justices, two newspaper editors in Columbia and 26 other journalists. Finally in 1997 he was arrested and was brought to a cell at the U.S. Penitary in Marion, IL that had a telephone. From his cell he made contact with FBI, and CIA agents who used to work in the cartel. Leder was sentenced to life in prison plus 135 years but the FBI and CIA gave him a deal to help them convict Noriega and cut down 30 years on his prison term. A few years after he testified he mysteriously disappeared from prison. These three individuals are only a few of the individuals who used the cartel to control all levels of the government including the president. President Ernesto Sampler accepted millions of dollars from the Mafia to finance his campaign. He said that the newspaper he wrote had over 10,900 subscribers instead of the 1,000 original subscribers his wife knew about. Also the government tried to destroy drug fields by eradicating coca and opium fields by spraying herbicide glyphosate. The problem is drug traffickers are paying guerrillas $200,000 for every plane that they shot down three times what they get for destroying the fields for the government. The police and military forces in Columbia are too weak and easily bribed by the cartels. The police in Columbia are armed civilians who don’t have the right to vote and don’t have much power and only a policeman can arrest someone under a warrant in Columbia. But since most policemen don’t have much power they are afraid to arrest someone, so the military forces usefully have to get involved in order to arrest someone. The police in Columbia can’t get anything done without the help of the military and neither really knows what the other is supposed to do which causes nothing to get done. The illegal drugs that are smuggled into the United States from Colombia come by many forms of transportation. Nova Scotia, Canada, has been a major drop-off point for illegal cargo since the early 1970s. Police say that to prepare for one drug smuggling operation, a group of criminals based in Nova Scotia bought a fishing vessel and used it just for fishing until long-ti me residents took it for granted. It would make runs in and out for two to three months just for fishing. â€Å"Then it went out on its fishing trip, and instead of bringing back fish, it had hashish and marijuana† (Abadinsky 39). Between 1974 and 1986, police recorded 12 major seizures, including boatloads of hashish and marijuana (Allen 1). Drug smuggling attempts by boat usually involve a â€Å"mother ship,† a cargo vessel lying up to 250 miles off the shore. This vessel will off load a variety of drugs onto smaller fishing vessels, which then transport the drugs to other couriers on shore. Cargo vessels, coming from other countries to the United States have become the newest method in drug smuggling. On June 19, 1992, the captain of the container ship Santa Marta radioed ahead to Jacksonville, Florida, that his ship was experiencing difficulties with its ballast ducts. An alert Customs officer suspected that it was a drug shipment unknown to the captain, and he was right. Forty kilograms of cocaine were discovered by divers in duffel bags secured in the recessed ballast duct by metal wire (Goode 10). The growth of hull attachments has sparked the interest of scientists to design an invention that will detect objects underwater. Drugs are not only smuggled into the country by boats, but are also driven across by cars and trucks. Drug lords sometimes hire one-time â€Å"mules,† or couriers, who pose as vacationers in the Big Bend National Park They hide the drugs in secret compartments in the walls of trailers and motor homes as they camp through the park. Many times the drug dealers will hire or start their own trucking companies. In one incident, cocaine wrapped in grease-smeared plastic had been stuffed into about ten hollow forty-foot steel beams. They were trucked across the country from California to New York. Drugs have been known to be found in hubcaps, spare tires, glove compartments, and in the stuffing of car seats, and ceilings of cars. Also, they have been found packed in metal boxes and hooked by magnets to the underside of the truck without the driver knowing. One of the most recent techniques is through Postal Service Express. Drug dealers will send a certain amount of drugs through the Postal Service Express. They choose the Postal Service Express because it is delivered the next day, it eliminates the middle man, which means that it costs less, it is also very difficult to monitor and harder to stop. After the client receives the drugs, he/she will send money back through Postal Service Express. Although there are many other next day delivery services, Postal Service Express is connected to the United States Post offices. Which means that opening the mail would be a federal offense. Other express package companies do not face the same problem. These companies assume ownership of the parcel as soon as it is handed to them. This means they can open it if they suspect it contains illegal substances. The only way Postal Service Express can detect a drug smuggler is to watch the packages. If the packages are being sent to the same person constantly, and then packages are being sent back to the sender the next day, postal workers might become suspicious and request a warrant. They have to be almost one hundred percent sure that there are drugs inside of the packages to get a warrant. With a warrant they can legally open the package. If the package contains drugs they will deliver it to the person and then make an arrest. Many packages will have probably been sent back and forth carrying drugs and money long before someone suspects something. One of the most risky and dangerous ways drugs are smuggled is through people. Couriers will sometimes carry drugs in false-bottomed suitcases, in the hollowed-out soles of their shoes, taped to their bodies, or sewed into their clothes. Some have even swallowed them. Some people have even swallowed up to two hundred thumb-size latex pellets. T hese carriers are usually desperate people hoping to escape poverty. Others swallow little balls of heroin wrapped in condoms. Each person swallows approximately eighty to one hundred condoms. This method is very dangerous because if the pellet or condom should break open, in most cases it would cause instant death. For example, on May 12, 1993, a thirty year old man from Bolivia was found dead on the plane. When doctors did an autopsy, they discovered seventy eight packages of cocaine. Two of the packages had broken open totaling six hundred and fifty grams in his stomach. Drugs have also been smuggled in electronic components, potatoes, cabbage, lettuce, peppers, coffee, and just about any product. Because of all these techniques, the government has set up the Drug Enforcement Administration. Coastal Watch Programs have been organized around the coast of Nova Scotia. James Parker, head of the program, has been telling the citizens to keep their eyes and ears open for signs of smuggling. On Parker’s wall there is a map of Nova Scotia with clusters of pins showing the locations of two thousand informa nts involved. Each person has a local number to call in case of suspicion. In the case of passengers arriving by air from known drug places, there are customs agents waiting to ask them a few questions at the baggage claim area. Judging by the passenger’s behavior, the tone of their voice, and their actions, the agents decide whether or not they might be carrying drugs. Columbia sends computer passenger lists to Customs agents before aircrafts arrive in Miami. These lists have the names of possible suspects. The police have developed programs that teach officers to stop motorists for small traffic violations and then search legally their cars for drugs. Many innocent people are stopped before one offender is actually caught. Some indicators are an open map on the front seat, a fast-food bag on the floor, or an out-of-state license plate. Police use these as signs because couriers are in a hurry and usually do not know their way around. After all of the efforts to control the drug smuggling, the new North American Free Trade Agreement between Mexico, the United States, and Canada makes things worse. This agreement makes the United States more accessible and convenient for drug traffickers. It will gradually eliminate tariffs on goods traded among the three nations and allow Mexican truckers to drive their rigs anywhere in the United States and Canada with little inspection. The United States and Columbia need to work together instead of blaming each other to stop drug trafficking and the Columbia Mafia. Columbia needs an stronger police force and to use the money the United States is giving them to make busts. Studies have shown that the money has been going to guerrilla forces helping the cortels instead of training the Colombian police. Second both countries have to recognize the supply and demand of the drugs problem. Both countries need to educate their people on the effects of drugs. If the United States lowered the demand on drugs then Columbia would not produce them. Third the Colombian government needs to be tougher on drug dealers and give them harsher sentences. Also Columbia needs new crops to grow and maybe the United States should teach the farms how to gr ow things other then coca. Coca is the major product in Columbia and many farmers do not know what else to plant. Works Cited De Lama, George, â€Å"US. Unable to Take Much of a Bite Out of Drug Traffic from Mexico.† Chicago Tribune. Chicago: Sunday April 17, 1994. Farah, Douglas, â€Å"Columbia Defense Minister Charges Samper with Accepting Drug Money† The Washington Post. Internet: http://thetech.mit.edu/v115/n66/colo.66w.html. Hallihan, Joe. â€Å"Car Searches Latest Tactic in Drug War.† N.S.L.S. Cd-Rom Database Not Given:1991. John, Harvey. â€Å"Cocaine Poisoning.† The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1993. Kirby, Joseph. â€Å"Mail-order Drug Dealers on Fast Track.† Chicago Tribune. Chicago: Thursday March 11, 1993. Moushey, Bill, â€Å"Hunted Down, then Protected.† Pittsburgh Post Gazette. Pittsburgh: May 1996, http:www.gotti.com/pwhunteddown.html. Powell, Morgan. â€Å"The Rifleman.† Chicago Tribune. Chicago: Sunday March 27, 1994. Treaster, Joseph B. â€Å"Nigerian Connection Floods U.S. Airport with Asian Heroine.† New York Times. New York: Feb. 15,1992 â€Å"Drug Production and Transit Countries DEA- Congressional Testimony,† Internet: http:www.alternatives.com/crime/deacert.html#Columbia. â€Å"In Columbia, Jailed Politicians Reveal Power of Trafficking.† CrimeData base, http://www.latinolink.com/news/0612ncol.html. â€Å"Pablo Escobar,† Internet: http://www.alternatives.com/crime/Escobar.html â€Å"Who is the Mob Today,† Internet: http://www.alternatives.com.crime/mobtoday.html. â€Å"Columbia† Internet: http://www.cia.com â€Å"Jorge Vasques†, Crimedata base, Internet: http://www.alternatives.com/crime/cm15.html.

Advantage Of Computer

Advantages:1. They allow people across the globe to communicate with each other, no matter at what time, via the use of email. 2. They allow people to look up information directly, instead of the use of searching through books. 3. Back-up copies of work can be made easily, without having to re-write everything. 4. People can work from home, and spend more time with their families because of this. 5. People with disabilities whom can't write, can get software that allows them to speak and it types it on the screen.Disadvantages:1. People somtimes spend all their time secluded in theirs rooms on the computer. 2. Peadophiles on chat rooms 3. Easier to copy peoples homework as you can sometimes find the sources online. 4. Illegal downloading can ruin businesses 5. Details such as bank records, can be hacked into, and thus your personal information is no longer as safe as it used to be. Advantages of Computers1. It can store large amount of facts, instructions, and information. 2. It can process data with accuracy at a very high speed (reaching up to 50 million operations per second). 3. IT can repeat operations in exactly the same way over long period of time. 4. It can check the accuracy of its work. 5. It is capable of executing instructions on its own after the data and program have been fed into its memory. 6. It can perform logical operations. 7. It can communicate with the operator.Disadvantages of Computers1. A computer can only perform operations programmed or instructed by a person. 2. It cannot correct wrong instructions by itself. 3. Its capability to perform logical operations depends on the choice

Canadian Culture vs US

We are a nation of immigrants who celebrate everybody cultural background. Canadians are extremely conscious of our culture considering our close proximity to the United States. We are unduly aware that we are not American and constantly compare ourselves to America. Canadians forever talk about our similarities and differences socially, economically, politically and religiously. One of the things that Canada is most proud of Is that we consider ourselves to be a cultural mosaic which means that we allow various cultures to coincide and flourish in our communities.We value harmony, equality, freedom, and respect. Our population is not big enough to sustain our economy, so we are much more open to economic Immigration. Economically, we have much higher taxes providing us with a more socialized system. This allows free health care and decent education systems for all Canadian citizens. Due to this system, we do not have the same amount of money to spend on â€Å"stuff', which makes us a less materialistic population. We have less disposable income and less disparity between the rich and poor.In regards to religion, we do not have a dominant religion and accept all religions across the globe. Americas, on the other hand, identify themselves as mainly Christian. According too Pew Research Religion and Public Life survey taken in 2007, 78. 4% of Americans identified themselves as Christian, where as Canadians have an ever-changing religious composition. Politically, we have a parliamentary system of government which is more unified and group-oriented; we elect a party, not a person.Like the LISA, our government Is a mockery which means the people choose their own government and majority rules but In a parliamentary system, a minority government must find consensus with the other parties or the government will fall. Canada's values are built on acceptance, tolerance, and harmony. We are patriotic, but in the way that we accept people world-wide and celebrate the com bination of Canadian and other cultures intertwining. I am proud to be a Canadian citizen and feel privileged to have grown up in a city as diverse, inclusive, and nondiscriminatory as Toronto.Being exposed to people with arioso religious beliefs, racial backgrounds, and birthplaces shaped me into an accepting and globally aware citizen. One of my favorite things about Toronto is the fact that we celebrate cultural, social and ethnic acceptance year-round. For example, this summer I went to multiple festivals that celebrated Turnoffs diversity. We hosted World Pride 2014, which celebrated the LIGHT community, Fusion of Taste festival which honored diverse cultural food, Franco-fete which celebrated Torso's French speaking community, Chinatown festival which showcased Chinese culture,Busters which lauded artistic performances from around the world. Toronto is frequently commended for being one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are over 140 languages spoken, half of our population was born outside of Canada, and almost fifty percent of the population define themselves as a visible minority. Toronto is a true cultural mosaic and due to this fact Transitions are open-minded, accepting, tolerant, and polite. I am grateful to have been raised in a city that is proud to integrate and pay tribute to various cultural backgrounds.

Hero

High blood pressure medications Were the fourth most prescribed (1 1 percent) and vaccines Were fifth (1 1 percent). With the exception of medications for high blood pressure, the drugs were prescribed to both men and women across all age groups. For example, one in four teens now abuse or misuse a prescription drug at least once in their lifetime. However, there is no completely accurate way to measure prescription drug abuse. The number is not that important, but the fact that many people suffer from addiction to prescription drugs is.According to the findings of some research that this paper will examine, some of the prescription medicine can cause negative effects such as pain, physical penitence, addiction, tolerance, and death. A woman by the name of Judy Tomato was prescribed a strong antibiotic in t†. ‘ice a day for five days to shift her chest infection. Her doctor didn't mention any possible side-effects. Three days later Judy woke up with an all-pervading tight feeling in the backs of both calves. Her pain was so sharp even she could barely walk. After visiting a hospital, a local doctor suspected a ruptured Achilles tendon.She didn't realize that tendon rupture can be a side-effect of taking antibiotics. Five years later, she is still suffering persistent lower leg pain and other unexplained symptoms, including pain and burning in her lower legs. ‘ PRESCRIPTION MEDICINE ABUSE AND TENDS Every year millions of prescription pills enter the illicit drug market. Enormous amounts of people in the U. S. Use prescription drugs for the wrong reasons. Nationally, the federal government spends about $13. 5 billion on the drug war, but only $70 million goes to investigate prescription drug offenses.By having an accurate dosage, a high purity level, and a lower price, prescription pills have established a place next to regular street drugs. Medical offices and pharmacies help supply a large amount of these drugs. There is no glory in catching d octors and pharmaceutical companies involved in this illegal drug trafficking. Media coverage is small due to the fact there are no guns and no bundles of case for the world to see. Sometimes action is taken, but the results are usually small. Very few doctors, dentists, and pharmacists are prosecuted annually for prescription fraud.The evidence now conclusively points to the fact that Whitney Houston has been killed by the pharmaceutical industry. ‘Whitney Houston death must serve as an urgent reminder that pills are not the answer, and that those who seek to alter their moods, physiology or biochemistry through Big Pharmacy deadly drugs are only playing Russian roulette with their lives† said coroner officials. In a research of an estimated 10 prescription frauds, one doctor received a short sentence; the other nice pleaded guilty and were put on probation. Part of the problem is that medical practitioners are usually charged under laws carrying low prison penalties.Th e laws are written allowing health care professionals to escape serious drug trafficking charges, no matter how fraudulent. About 75% of physicians convicted Of prescription rug crimes got to keep their license. Medical and pharmacy board investigators are seeking more court orders to suspend licenses after someone is arrested. 3 Addiction to prescribed drugs or to those used in treatment is term iatrogenic. The most common drugs susceptible to addiction are those prescribed for psychological problems. Some act on the mind, having low potential for abuse and dependence.Examples are anti- psychotics, anti-depressants, and lithium salts. Other, like barbiturates and amphetamines, has high potential. Amphetamines Amphetamines raise mood, increase the sense of energy and alertness, and crease appetite. A few users react oppositely, becoming drowsy, anxious, and irritable. Some people feel the need to Stay awake for long periods Of time. Medical interns and long-distance truck drivers so metimes use amphetamines for this cause. The effects wear off after a couple of hours, leaving the abuser exhausted, drowsy, and depressed.The highly addictive methamphetamine is a chemical is a chemical similar to amphetamines, but it is much more potent, longer lasting, and more harmful to the central nervous system. Methamphetamine can be prescribed medically for ADD, extreme obesity, and narcolepsy. However, because of its high potential of abuse, it is legal only by a one-time, no refillable prescription. Most methamphetamine that sells on the street is made by small illegal labs from household materials. Methamphetamine can be synthesized easily. Intravenous use of methamphetamine is usual and tolerance occurs quickly.Larger and more frequent doses become required to achieve the desired effect. A very negative outcome could be that a paranoid type Of psychosis would develop. This would cause a loss of reality and delusions of persecution. Painlessness's Painlessness's are medi cations commonly prescribed to treat anxiety and anis attacks. They were first marketed in the sass and have become the depressant of choice in many medical practices. Considered safer and less addictive than barbiturates, they now account for about one in every five prescriptions for controlled substances.They are most commonly used to sedate, induce sleep, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and help prevent seizures. More than a dozen painlessness's are approved for use in the United States, including Lorena (Divan), laboratory (Asana), disappear (Valid), modally (Versed), and kaleidoscope's (Labium). Symptoms of chronic use include memory loss, irritability. Appetite Suppressants Most appetite suppressants are stimulants. Patters of use and abuse vary greatly. A therapeutic dose may result in chronic daily ingestion, while use of larger quantities may cause an individual to binge or spree.The more amphetamine, like the appetite suppressant, the greater the chance is of abuse. Sto pping the use of appetite suppressants can be difficult for abusers because of withdrawal symptoms like tiredness, discomfort, or depression. These problems have caused many doctors to Stop prescribing them. COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS Prescription drugs help patients manage pain, restore balance, control sleep crosiers, and fight obesity. However, when abused they can be incredibly dangerous. Three commonly abused prescription drugs are depressants, stimulants, avoids.Barbiturates are some of the mostly commonly prescribed CANS depressants. Some like Membrane and Nebula are prescribed to treat anxiety, tension, and sleep disorders. Painlessness's like Valid and Asana are prescribed to treat anxiety, acute stress reactions, and panic attacks. Other painlessness's like Halcyon and Promos are used for short- term treatment of sleep disorders. All of these depressants produce a beneficial drowsy or calming effect. Else over a long period of time will result in tolerance. Larger doses will th en be needed to attain the original effects.Continued use can also lead to physical dependence and withdrawal. Both barbiturates and painlessness's have the chance of being abused and should be used only as directed. Amphetamines and caffeine are stimulants used primarily to delay the onset of mental and physical fatigue. Students studying long hours for exam, like athletes who feel the drugs will improve their performance, and workers who want to stay awake on the job often use stimulants. These drug compounds are often found in diet pills which, if issued to anorexia nervous.Anorexia nervous is a pathological loss of appetite thought to be psychological in origin that is manifested in extreme dieting and excessive thinness. Caffeine is also found in many beverages, pain medications, and allergy and cold remedies. Unusually high doses, or excessive use of stimulants over long periods Of time can lead to anxiety, hallucinations, severe depression, or psychological dependence. From a strong stimulant such as cocaine to nicotine in cigarettes and caffeine in coffee and cola drinks, stimulants are an intimate part of our lives.Avoids attach to proteins in the brain, spinal cord, and gastrointestinal tract and block the perception of pain. They can also induce euphoria by affecting the brain region responsible for our perception of pleasure, Morphine is often given to patients before or after surgery to alleviate severe pain, shares codeine is used for milder analgesia (pain relief) or serious coughs. When taken as directed, prescription avoids can manage pain effectively. Side effects can include drowsiness, nausea, and constipation.If taken in a large enough doses, however, prescription avoids can result in respiratory depression or even death. The medications are not meant to be used with other substances that depress the central nervous system such as alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates or painlessness's, as the combinations increase the risk of life-threate ning respiratory distress. Long-term use or misuse can lead to physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms if use is suddenly stopped. Withdrawal symptoms include restlessness, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, and involuntary leg movements.Canada and Mexico both have less Of a problem with prescription drug abuse than the US. Canada did have about the same level of prescription opiate abuse as it did heroin abuse n 2009, while Mexico prevalence of prescription drug abuse remained low. PAIN MEDICATIONS, ADDICTION AND MISUSE What is the most common reason people go to the doctor? It is pain. Doctors all over the country wonder how they can prescribe accurate medications so the patient is relieved of pain without becoming addicted to that medication. Many doctors under-prescribe powerful painkillers.They overestimate the potential for patients becoming addicted to painkillers such as morphine and codeine. When doctors limit pain medication, thousands of patients suffer needlessly. Misuse of prescription and over-the counter (ETC) drugs can often lead to psychological and physical dependence. People use increased amounts of drugs to ensure a sense of well-being while treating unrelated illnesses or health problems, or for non-medical purposes. Many medications contain alcohol and narcotics such as codeine, which can be addictive and life-threatening.Use of alcohol, a depressant, with some prescription and over-the counter drugs may inhibit or increase the drugs effectiveness and cause a loss of coordination. Combining ETC drugs with some prescription drugs can cause the similar effects or even more harmful types of reactions. 4 Deficits in cognition, vision, hearing and strength, all of which commonly occur with the aging process, could increase the likelihood of medication misuse. For example, an elderly person who is forgetful may overuse or underused medications.Similarly, an elderly individual who has difficulty with reading the instructions on the vial or has di fficulty hearing verbal instructions may take medications in a manner that deviates from the original intention. Finally, an elderly person with diminished strength, or one who has painful arthritis, may overuse (to minimize the number of painful attempts to obtain medication) or underused (avoid taking medications) because of difficulties with the medication vial. 5 FUTURE INCREASE Medication misuse and/or substance abuse is a complex problem among elderly populations.There continues to be a perception that substance abuse and misuse in the elderly is not an important public health problem for society. Most of the emphasis has been placed on the study of younger populations without an appreciation of the unique problems presented by the elderly substance user. There is a need to develop a treatment infrastructure that is sensitive to problems of older substance users. This would include education of professionals as well as that of the public at large. CONCLUSION Prescription medic ine abuse is a modern-day disease that affects millions of our population.Sometimes people become addicted to painkillers and then start abusing them. Some even lie to their doctors to get more medication. A few of the drugs being abused are barbiturates, painlessness's, amphetamines, and appetite suppressants. If people are not careful, overdose of these drugs could kill them. Even though there is little coverage of prescription drug abuse, it is continually happening. It can and does affect many in various ways. Sometimes doctors, dentists, or pharmacists are involved in illegal drug trafficking.However, if caught they receive small sentences. The elderly are also involved in medication misuse. When they take the medicine, they don't always take the right amount at the right time due to loss of sight, hearing, and strength.

Burj khalifa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Burj khalifa - Research Paper Example Some of the materials used for assembling the building are aluminum, steel, and concrete. It is appealing to recognize that all the aluminum used in the construction can make about five aircrafts. The total length of steel used is equivalent to 293 times Eiffel Tower’s height. Additionally, total amount of concrete used for its construction can construct a concrete pavement of about 2,065 kilometers (The Knowledge 1). The best means of transport that one can use when going to Burj Khalifa is a plane. This trip may take one week because of the travelling process and many places that one has to visit in the building. There are many hotels where one can stay whenever they are not touring. The best hotel around the place is the Armani hotel. The weather around the skyscraper is hot steamy, and this makes the building glass walls to produce water droplets dues to condensation (The Telegraph 1). The water droplets can be collected into the water tank placed at the car park that cools the plants and other landscape features around the building. About 15,000 liters of water that can fill about twenty Olympic-sized pools is usually collected annually due to condensation. During the cold season, there is usually fog and the building rises above the fog. â€Å"The area experience heavy fog during cold seasons because of the areas’ steamy climate â€Å"(The Telegraph 1). Burj Khalifa is one of the major tourist attractions in Dubai. The place is worth visiting because in the modern history, there is no other building that has raised so much curiosity around the world. At the top of this modern architecture, one can experience engineering wonders. One can have a lucid view of the striking world from the top of this building. In the building, there are multimedia presentations that will enable one know many fascinating things the building and about Dubai in general (Burj Khalifa 1). In

Internet Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Internet Marketing - Assignment Example 135-152). It emphasis on the use of ICT to facilitate faster transactions that help companies manage the complications of global business environments. It involves improvements in extranets and intranets. Internet marketing, (online marketing) refers to marketing and advertising techniques using the email and web to drive continuous sales through electronic commerce. It includes social media marketing, web marketing and email marketing (CHAFFEY, 2008 pp. 97-121). In addition, Internet marketing (online advertising) becomes effective when combined with other types of advertising like newspapers, television, radio, and magazine. Digital marketing is marketing that uses digital electronic gadgets such as tablets, cell phones, personal computers and smartphones to promote or market goods and services for smooth engagement with shareholders (SIEGEL, 2004 pp. 173-194). Platforms such as e-mail, websites and, and social networks are of importance to digital marketing. E- Commerce only involves the buying and selling of goods using electronic means. It also defines the exchange of properties and amenities or relocation of belongings or information, completed by electrical system, principally the Internet. It fascinates knowledge resembling to automated data interchange, internet promotion, program information assortment systems, catalog administration arrangements and stock series (SIEGEL, 2004 pp. 173-194). E-business involves selling products online while handling other company’s operations offline.It entails the use of informatics and statement mechanisms in the management of trade accomplishments. It prominence on the habit of ICT to enable quicker businesses that assistance companies handle the impediments of international business situations. It encompasses improvements in extranets and intranets. Internet marketing combines the technical and innovative feature of internet plus web-designing,

Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone Essay

Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of the Buzz Generated Around the Launch of iPhone" analyzes the reasons for a huge amount of buzz being generated around the launch of iPhone and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the strategies adopted by Apple in launching iPhone since namely the marketing strategies brought such a success.The marketing strategies adopted by Apple in order to market its iPhone gained the praise of business experts all across the world. The basic strategy of the company was to create an initial market boom through extensive campaigning on the uniqueness of the product. Further Apple ensured to utilize the ripples created in the market by these campaigns in favor of the product. The company could successfully initiate an impatience in the customers to wait for the release of the product. The launch of iPhone was much discussed in the media especially by the business critiques and eventually the launch was made to matter much for the common man as well.Apple could succe ssfully use its previous product iPod which was launched in 2001 as background to the campaign for its new mobile technology titled ‘the iPhone’.The iPod was proved to be a splendid success in terms of business. The product was unique in its utility and portability. This uniqueness was very well utilized by the company while launching iPhone. The similarity in the name was deliberately created by Apple, in order to help its customers relate the quality and market repute of its new product to that of iPod.

Novel Interaction Game for Kids Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Novel Interaction Game for Kids - Coursework Example The formed Tangible User Interface basically refers to a given interface whereas people interact with digital components and information by use of the physical environments. The interfaces are built on the intuitive knowledge of the objects of the physical world that people have. The objects themselves are used to provide the tangible interaction. Tangible interactions make use of the close relationship between the physical real affordances and the digital objects and thus provide initiative interfaces which promote supportive and collaborative activities as well as double-handed interactions which give its uses a sense of directness. The approach provided by the tangible interaction is that which stresses on the physical representation of data, materiality and also tangibility of user interfaces, the entire body interaction and the integration of the intuitive interface and the interaction of users in real physical contexts. Unlike the conventional learning methods, tangible interaction improves learning and offers significant advantages in learning environments. This is so because the frameworks that are adopted by the tangible interfaces guide learners and designers towards activities that encourage better and more profound learning. These interactions are therefore better in certain situations and in these situations help young learners enhance their knowledge. Better educational interaction requires a platform that enables learners to interact with the physical objects and things that they are used to during the learning process. This maintains the similarity of the learning process and actualizes it with the normal world making the learning process not only real but also adaptive (Hornecker & Eva, 2009). Tangible interactions also use an interface which remains interesting and easy to use. Such interfaces will always capture the attention and concentration of young kids and help them concentrate on their learning for longer. This is so because the platform is interactive and therefore involves them directly. The novel interaction game developed makes use of tangible interaction techniques to enhance learning among young people. It provides them with an interactive interface which makes use of physical phenomena and obstacles to promote learning. Basically, the game lets kids identify different continents at the beginning of the game and gets harder as the game progresses. For instance, it asks kids questions like to identify Europe (continent) using graphical interface and the kids are expected to interactively select the right continent displayed on the screen. This helps provide the kids with a better learning experience which is also practical. Method The novel interaction game for kids was designed using an intuitive interface whose aim was to encourage kids on learning concepts using interactive learning. This was chosen as an advanced and advantageous way of promoting the learning activity of kids. Contrary to the conventional learning methods, tangible interactive learning was formulated as a way of fully engaging kids in the learning process and improving their concentration during learning activities. The design of the tangible interaction interface was designed to let kids identify questions and tasks themselves. The identification process was designed to make use of the kids’ visual ability and en able them relate the program’s features to the physical world. The physical objects and images which have been used in the program were chosen to make the learning experience real and imaginable to the kids. This was a selected as a way of promoting